Biol J Linn Soc 113:180–193Īri C, Correia JP (2008) Role of sensory cues on the food searching behaviour of a captive Manta birostris (Myliobatiformes, Mobulidae). Open Anat 3:1–13Īri C (2014) Rapid coloration changes of manta rays (Mobulidae). Lambert, SaarbrückenĪri C (2011) Encephalization and brain organization of mobulid rays (Myliobatiformes, Elasmobranchii) with ecological perspectives. J Comp Psychol 100:237–242Īri C (2009) On the brain of cartilaginous fishes: cerebralization, astroglial architecture and blood-brain barrier composition. Dev Psychobiol 5:297–305Īnderson JR (1986) Mirror-mediated finding of hidden food by monkeys ( Macaca tonkeana and M. The present study shows evidence for behavioral responses to a mirror that are prerequisite of self-awareness and which has been used to confirm self-recognition in apes.Īmsterdam B (1972) Mirror image reactions before age two. However, frequent unusual and repetitive movements in front of the mirror suggested contingency checking in addition, unusual self-directed behaviors could be identified when the manta rays were exposed to the mirror. The manta rays did not show signs of social interaction with their mirror image. In this study, mirror exposure experiments were conducted on two captive giant manta rays to document their response to their mirror image.
Manta rays have a high encephalization quotient, similar to those species that have passed the mirror self-recognition test, and possess the largest brain of all fish species. Self-recognition is conventionally identified by the understanding that one’s own mirror reflection does not represent another individual but oneself, which has never been proven in any elasmobranch species to date. Elaborate cognitive skills arose independently in different taxonomic groups.
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